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Infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.The pathogen that causes the disease may be exogenous (acquired from an external source; environmental, animal or other people, e.g. Influenza) or endogenous (from normal flora e.g. Candidiasis).
Humans can be infected with many types of pathogens, including prions, viruses, bacteria, and fungi, causing symptoms like sneezing, coughing, fever, vomiting, and potentially lethal organ failure. While some symptoms are caused by the pathogenic infection, others are caused by the immune system's efforts to kill the pathogen, such as ...
The organisms involved include pathogenic bacteria, causing diseases such as plague, tuberculosis and anthrax; protozoan parasites, causing diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness, dysentery and toxoplasmosis; and also fungi causing diseases such as ringworm, candidiasis or histoplasmosis.
Viruses have been variably classified as organisms [6] because they have been considered either very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules. Prions , never considered microorganisms, have been investigated by virologists; however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections ...
Under disease invasion, when a parasite invades a new host species, it may become pathogenic in the new host. [101] Several human activities have led to the emergence of zoonotic human pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and rickettsia, [102] and spread of vector-borne diseases, [101] see also globalization and disease and ...
In parallel, there has been an alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance of bacteria, fungi, parasites and some viruses to multiple existing agents. [14] Antibacterials are among the most commonly used drugs and among the drugs commonly misused by physicians, for example, in viral respiratory tract infections. As a consequence of widespread ...
Penaloza says that a biological advantage viruses and bacteria have over fungi is that they replicate much faster — enabling them to spread more easily. “It depends on the virus, of course ...
There is considerable overlap between the specific branches of microbiology with each other and with other disciplines, and certain aspects of these branches can extend beyond the traditional scope of microbiology [2] [3] In general the field of microbiology can be divided in the more fundamental branch (pure microbiology) and the applied ...