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Hồ Chí Minh agreed to talk with France but negotiations failed. After one year of low-level conflict, all-out war broke out in December 1946 between French and Việt Minh forces as Hồ Chí Minh and his government went underground. The French tried to stabilize Indochina by reorganizing it as a Federation of Associated States.
The French encircled the Việt Minh base, Việt Bắc, in 1947, but failed to defeat the Việt Minh forces, and had to retreat soon after. The campaign is now widely considered a Việt Minh victory over the well-equipped French force. The Việt Minh continued fighting against the French until 1949, when the border of China and Vietnam was ...
According to the Viet Minh, they lost 193 killed and 137 wounded [59] The victory at Beatrice "galvanized the morale" of the Viet Minh troops. [58] Much to French disbelief, the Viet Minh had employed direct artillery fire, in which each gun crew does its own artillery spotting (as opposed to indirect fire, in which guns are massed further away ...
While Chiang Kai-shek, Xiao Wen (Hsiao Wen) and the Kuomintang central government of China was disinterested in occupying Vietnam beyond the allotted time period and involving itself in the war between the Viet Minh and the French, Lu Han held the opposite view and wanted to occupy Vietnam to prevent the French returning and establish a Chinese ...
The Fontainebleau Agreements were a proposed arrangement between the France and the Viet Minh, made in 1946 before the outbreak of the First Indochina War. The agreements affiliated Vietnam under the French Union. [1] At the meetings, Ho Chi Minh pushed for Vietnamese independence but the French would not agree to this proposal. [1]
Until 1949, the French divided Vietnam into three parts: Tonkin, Annam, and Cochin China. Việt Minh leader Ho Chi Minh in 1946. 1947–1950 in French Indochina focuses on events influencing the eventual decision for military intervention by the United States in the First Indochina War.
The Việt Minh in Hanoi demanded that the three regions of Vietnam—Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina—be united into one. [81] 10 November. The anti-communist leader of the French-backed government of Cochinchina, Dr. Nguyen Van Thinh, committed suicide. [82] 20 November. Fighting broke out in Haiphong between the French and the Việt Minh.
French artillery shelled the city, and house to house searches were conducted searching for the Viet-Minh leadership. That night, some 2,000–10,000 Viet Minh had engaged in their first instance of urban warfare, the heaviest fighting occurring in Hanoi's Old Quarter. The following day Ho Chi Minh made an appeal to the populace to resist in ...