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dplyr is an R package whose set of functions are designed to enable dataframe (a spreadsheet-like data structure) manipulation in an intuitive, user-friendly way. It is one of the core packages of the popular tidyverse set of packages in the R programming language. [1]
Programming with Big Data in R (pbdR) [1] is a series of R packages and an environment for statistical computing with big data by using high-performance statistical computation. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The pbdR uses the same programming language as R with S3/S4 classes and methods which is used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical ...
Another method of grouping the data is to use some qualitative characteristics instead of numerical intervals. For example, suppose in the above example, there are three types of students: 1) Below normal, if the response time is 5 to 14 seconds, 2) normal if it is between 15 and 24 seconds, and 3) above normal if it is 25 seconds or more, then the grouped data looks like:
The mean word.recall in the 1 drug.dose group is 6. The difference between treatment groups in the mean word.recall is 6 – 2 = 4. The difference in word.recall between drug doses is significant (p=0.00805). Perform a linear regression of the same data. Calculations may be performed using the R function lm() for a linear model.
Using 1 to denote the multiplicative identity of the ring R, and denoting the group unit by 1 G, the ring R[G] contains a subring isomorphic to R, and its group of invertible elements contains a subgroup isomorphic to G. For considering the indicator function of {1 G}, which is the vector f defined by
The function g : R → R defined by g(x) = x 2 is not surjective, since there is no real number x such that x 2 = −1. However, the function g : R → R ≥0 defined by g(x) = x 2 (with the restricted codomain) is surjective, since for every y in the nonnegative real codomain Y, there is at least one x in the real domain X such that x 2 = y.
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The tidyverse is a collection of open source packages for the R programming language introduced by Hadley Wickham [1] and his team that "share an underlying design philosophy, grammar, and data structures" of tidy data. [2] Characteristic features of tidyverse packages include extensive use of non-standard evaluation and encouraging piping. [3 ...