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In the laboratory, methyl formate can be produced by the condensation reaction of methanol and formic acid, as follows: . HCOOH + CH 3 OH → HCOOCH 3 + H 2 O. Industrial methyl formate, however, is usually produced by the combination of methanol and carbon monoxide (carbonylation) in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide: [4]
HCO 2 H → H 2 O + CO. Treatment of formic acid with sulfuric acid is a convenient laboratory source of CO. [15] [16] In the presence of platinum, it decomposes with a release of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. HCO 2 H → H 2 + CO 2. Soluble ruthenium catalysts are also effective for producing carbon monoxide-free hydrogen. [17]
Formate salts have the formula M(O 2 CH)(H 2 O) x. Such salts are prone to decarboxylation. For example, hydrated nickel formate decarboxylates at about 200 °C with reduction of the Ni 2+ to finely powdered nickel metal: Ni(HCO 2) 2 (H 2 O) 2 → Ni + 2 CO 2 + 2 H 2 O + H 2. Such fine powders are useful as hydrogenation catalysts. [1]
Formamide is an amide derived from formic acid.It is a colorless liquid which is miscible with water and has an ammonia-like odor.It is chemical feedstock for the manufacture of sulfa drugs and other pharmaceuticals, herbicides and pesticides, and in the manufacture of hydrocyanic acid.
For esters such as ethyl acetate (CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 3), ethyl formate (HCOOCH 2 CH 3) or dimethyl phthalate that are based on common acids, IUPAC recommends use of these established names, called retained names. The "-oate" changes to "-ate." Some simple examples, named both ways, are shown in the figure above.
[2] In the laboratory, sodium formate can be prepared by neutralizing formic acid with sodium carbonate. It can also be obtained by reacting chloroform with an alcoholic solution of sodium hydroxide. CHCl 3 + 4 NaOH → HCOONa + 3 NaCl + 2 H 2 O. or by reacting sodium hydroxide with chloral hydrate. C 2 HCl 3 (OH) 2 + NaOH → CHCl 3 + HCOONa ...
N-Methylformamide (NMF) is a colorless, nearly odorless, organic compound and secondary amide with molecular formula CH 3 NHCHO, which is a liquid at room temperature. NMF is mainly used as a reagent in various organic syntheses with limited applications as a highly polar solvent .
Sodium methoxide is prepared by treating methanol with sodium: 2 Na + 2 CH 3 OH → 2 CH 3 ONa + H 2. The reaction is so exothermic that ignition is possible. The resulting solution, which is colorless, is often used as a source of sodium methoxide, but the pure material can be isolated by evaporation followed by heating to remove residual methanol.