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RGBE allows pixels to have the dynamic range and precision of floating-point values in a relatively compact data structure (32 bits per pixel) - often when images are generated from light simulations, the range of per-pixel color intensity values are much greater than will nicely fit into the standard 0..255 (8-bit) range of standard 24-bit image formats.
Almost all of the least expensive LCDs (such as typical twisted nematic types) provide 18-bit color (64×64×64 = 262,144 combinations) to achieve faster color transition times, and use either dithering or frame rate control to approximate 24-bit-per-pixel true color, [14] or throw away 6 bits of color information entirely.
The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is a technical standard for floating-point arithmetic originally established in 1985 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The standard addressed many problems found in the diverse floating-point implementations that made them difficult to use reliably and ...
OpenCL also supports half-precision floating point numbers with the half datatype on IEEE 754-2008 half-precision storage format. [21] As of 2024, Rust is currently working on adding a new f16 type for IEEE half-precision 16-bit floats. [22] Julia provides support for half-precision floating point numbers with the Float16 type. [23]
A floating-point variable can represent a wider range of numbers than a fixed-point variable of the same bit width at the cost of precision. A signed 32-bit integer variable has a maximum value of 2 31 − 1 = 2,147,483,647, whereas an IEEE 754 32-bit base-2 floating-point variable has a maximum value of (2 − 2 −23) × 2 127 ≈ 3.4028235 ...
This layout became popular when 24-bit color (and 32-bit RGBA) was introduced on personal computers. At the time it was much faster and easier for programs to manipulate one 32-bit unit than four 8-bit units. On little-endian systems, this is equivalent to BGRA byte order. On big-endian systems, this is equivalent to ARGB byte order.
The number 0.15625 represented as a single-precision IEEE 754-1985 floating-point number. See text for explanation. The three fields in a 64bit IEEE 754 float. Floating-point numbers in IEEE 754 format consist of three fields: a sign bit, a biased exponent, and a fraction. The following example illustrates the meaning of each.
32 bits per component as fixed-point numbers or full-precision floating point numbers packed into 96 or 128 bits (for which lossless coding is not supported due to the excessively high precision) JPEG XR also supports 16 bits per component (64-bit per pixel) integer CMYK color model. [17] 16-bit and 32-bit fixed point color component codings ...