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  2. Generating function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generating_function

    In mathematics, a generating function is a representation of an infinite sequence of numbers as the coefficients of a formal power series.Generating functions are often expressed in closed form (rather than as a series), by some expression involving operations on the formal series.

  3. Taylor series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series

    6.1 Exponential function. 6.2 Natural ... Download as PDF; Printable version ... This image shows sin x and its Taylor approximations by polynomials of degree 1, 3, 5 ...

  4. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    Basis of trigonometry: if two right triangles have equal acute angles, they are similar, so their corresponding side lengths are proportional.. In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) [1] are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.

  5. Degrowth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrowth

    One way to avoid giving attention to growth might be extending from the economic concept of growth, which proponents of both growth and degrowth commonly adopt, to a broader concept of growth that allows for the observation of growth in other sociological characteristics of society. A corresponding "recoding" of "growth-obsessed", capitalist ...

  6. Entrepreneurship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship

    The supposition that entrepreneurship leads to economic growth is an interpretation of the residual in endogenous growth theory and as such is debated in academic economics. An alternative description posited by Israel Kirzner suggests that the majority of innovations may be much more incremental improvements such as the replacement of paper ...

  7. Travelling salesman problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelling_salesman_problem

    The travelling purchaser problem, the vehicle routing problem and the ring star problem [1] are three generalizations of TSP. The decision version of the TSP (where given a length L , the task is to decide whether the graph has a tour whose length is at most L ) belongs to the class of NP-complete problems.

  8. Solar cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell

    Increasing this efficiency may require adding more cells with bandgap energy larger than 1.1 eV to the Si cell, allowing to convert short-wavelength photons for generation of additional voltage. A dual-junction solar cell with a band gap of 1.6–1.8 eV as a top cell can reduce thermalization loss, produce a high external radiative efficiency ...

  9. List of United States cities by population - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States...

    The name of the state in which the city lies [1] The city population as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau [1] The city population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census [1] The city percent population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2023; The city land area as of January 1, 2020 [2]