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Monel alloy 405, also known as Monel R405, is the free-machining grade of alloy 400. [24] The nickel, carbon, manganese, iron, silicon & copper percent remains the same as alloy 400, but the sulfur is increased from 0.024 max to 0.025-0.060%.
There are as many as 400 different copper and copper alloy compositions loosely grouped into the categories: copper, high copper alloy, brasses, bronzes, cupronickel, copper–nickel–zinc (nickel silver), leaded copper, and special alloys.
Cupronickel or copper–nickel (CuNi) is an alloy of copper with nickel, usually along with small quantities of other metals added for strength, such as iron and manganese. The copper content typically varies from 60 to 90 percent. (Monel is a nickel–copper alloy that contains a minimum of 52 percent nickel.)
Monell received a patent in 1906 [9] on the manufacture of a nickel-copper alloy that became known as Monel alloy 400, [10] setting off a century of inventions in the alloy industry. [11] The alloy was named after Monell, but one l had to be truncated because at that time, family names were not allowed to be used as trademarks. [12]
Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
The alloy number is simply a general classifier, whereas it is the specification itself that narrows down the steel to a very specific standard. The SAE steel grade system's correspondence to other alloy numbering systems, such as the ASTM-SAE unified numbering system (UNS), can be seen in cross-referencing tables (including the ones given below).
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