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Artistic depiction of a child afraid of the dark and frightened by their shadow. (Linocut by the artist Ethel Spowers (1927).)Fear of the dark is a common fear or phobia among toddlers, children and, to a varying degree, adults.
In children, blood-injection-injury phobia, animal phobias, and natural environment phobias usually develop between the ages of 7 and 9 reflective of normal development. Additionally, specific phobias are most prevalent in children between the ages 10 and 13. [35] Situational phobias are typically found in older children and adults. [1]
Because early humans that were quick to fear dangerous situations were more likely to survive and reproduce; preparedness is theorized to be a genetic effect that is the result of natural selection. [12] From an evolutionary psychology perspective, different fears may be different adaptations that have been useful in our evolutionary past. They ...
However, specific phobias that continue into adulthood are likely to experience a more chronic course. Specific phobias in older adults has been linked with a decrease in quality of life. [3] Those with specific phobias are at an increased risk of suicide. Greater impairment is found in those that have multiple phobias.
In “The Flip Side of Fear”, we look at some common phobias, like sharks and flying, but also bats, germs and strangers. We tried to identify the origin of these fears and why they continue to exist when logic tells us they shouldn’t.
Although most specific phobias stem from the individuals themselves, the most common type of needle phobia, affecting 50% of those afflicted, is an inherited vasovagal reflex reaction. Approximately 80% of people with a fear of needles report that a relative within the first degree exhibits the same disorder. [8]
In fear conditioning, the main circuits that are involved are the sensory areas that process the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, certain regions of the amygdala that undergo plasticity (or long-term potentiation) during learning, and the regions that bear an effect on the expression of specific conditioned responses.
The fear of falling (FOF), also referred to as basophobia (or basiphobia), is a natural fear and is typical of most humans and mammals, in varying degrees of extremity.It differs from acrophobia (the fear of heights), although the two fears are closely related.