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Neonatal cholestasis refers to elevated levels of conjugated bilirubin identified in newborn infants within the first few months of life. [1] Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is clinically defined as >20% of total serum bilirubin or conjugated bilirubin concentration greater than 1.0 mg/dL regardless of total serum bilirubin concentration. [2]
This causes an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia), leading to the symptoms of jaundice. [ citation needed ] If the neonatal jaundice is not resolved with simple phototherapy , other causes such as biliary atresia , Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis , bile duct paucity, Alagille syndrome , alpha 1-antitrypsin ...
There are additional rare causes of hereditary hyperbilirubinemia like Lucey-Driscoll syndrome and Heme Oxygenase-1 Deficiency. [1] Both Gilbert syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome cause an elevated unconjugated bilirubin level due to mutations in the UGT1A1 gene, which conjugates bilirubin within liver cells so it can be excreted.
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. [3] [6] Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism, liver dysfunction, or biliary-tract obstruction. [7]
The varied causes of hyperbilirubinemia are best understood from bilirubin metabolism. The total average daily production of bilirubin in humans is 4 mg/kg. 80% of which is derived from haemoglobin (Hb) produced by erythrocyte breakdown, with the remaining from heme proteins, like myoglobin and cytochrome, turnover. [5]
Seasonal flu activity is elevated across most of the country, ... elevating the total to 16 pediatric deaths this flu season. Flu is not the only virus floating around this time of year. The CDC ...
Bilirubin (BR) (from the Latin for "red bile") is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates.This catabolism is a necessary process in the body's clearance of waste products that arise from the destruction of aged or abnormal red blood cells. [3]
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