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The angle of a drop of the liquid on the solid as seen in Figure 1 degrees or radians 1-cos(θ SL) The y-axis of the Zisman Plot representing wetting unitless γ L: The surface tension of the respective liquid dyne / cm γ C: The critical surface tension of the liquid needed to effectively wet the solid substrate dyne / cm
The applied tension () is a function of the total angle subtended by the rope on the capstan. On the verge of slipping, this is also the frictional force, which is by definition μ {\textstyle \mu } times the normal force R ( φ ) {\displaystyle R(\varphi )} .
Right: The reduction in flux passing through a surface can be visualized by reduction in F or dS equivalently (resolved into components, θ is angle to normal n). F•dS is the component of flux passing through the surface, multiplied by the area of the surface (see dot product). For this reason flux represents physically a flow per unit area.
Unprimed quantities refer to position, velocity and acceleration in one frame F; primed quantities refer to position, velocity and acceleration in another frame F' moving at translational velocity V or angular velocity Ω relative to F. Conversely F moves at velocity (—V or —Ω) relative to F'. The situation is similar for relative ...
Static measurements yield values in-between the advancing and receding contact angle depending on deposition parameters (e.g. velocity, angle, and drop size) and drop history (e.g. evaporation from time of deposition). Contact angle hysteresis is defined as θ A – θ R although the term is also used to describe the expression cos θ R – cos ...
is the angle of the tube with respect to the horizontal axis. ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is the contact angle of the liquid on the capillary material. Substituting these expressions leads to the first-order differential equation for the distance the fluid penetrates into the tube l {\displaystyle l} :
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where is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid, is a characteristic velocity and is the surface tension or interfacial tension between the two fluid phases. Being a dimensionless quantity, the capillary number's value does not depend on the system of units.