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Vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid is essential to normal epithelial cell functions. Severe vitamin A deficiency, common in infants and young children in southeast Asia causes xerophthalmia characterized by dryness of the conjunctival epithelium and cornea. Untreated, xerophthalmia progresses to corneal ulceration and blindness.
Some sources include a fourteenth, choline. [6] Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs.
Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, immune function and reproductive development. [3] Dietary sources include fish, dairy products, and meat. [3] As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency, especially that which results in ...
Non-animal sources of vitamin A like fruits and vegetables contain pro-vitamin A and account for greater than 80% of intake for most individuals in the developing world. The increase in consumption of vitamin A-rich foods of animal origin such as liver, milk, cheese, or eggs, also has beneficial effects on VAD. [47]
Retinoic acid (simplified nomenclature for all-trans-retinoic acid) is a metabolite of vitamin A 1 (all-trans-retinol) that is required for embryonic development, male fertility, regulation of bone growth and immune function. [2] All-trans-retinoic acid is required for chordate animal development, which includes all higher animals from fish to ...
The vitamin also regulates other cellular functions in the body, and acts as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. "[Its] neuroprotective properties support immune health, muscle function and ...
Your body uses this mineral for a lot of different functions including blood pressure control as well as muscle contractions. Lots of foods you probably already eat are high in magnesium.
The major source of retinoids in human diet are plant pigments such as carotenes and retinyl esters derived from animal sources. [13] Retinyl esters are transported through the chylomicron pathway to the liver or fat tissue while retinol or carotenes are transported from the enterocytes to the liver and are processed into retinyl esters by LRAT ...
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