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  2. Frost weathering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_weathering

    Not all volumetric expansion is caused by the pressure of the freezing water; it can be caused by stresses in water that remains unfrozen. When ice growth induces stresses in the pore water that breaks the rock, the result is called hydrofracture. Hydrofracturing is favoured by large interconnected pores or large hydraulic gradients in the rock ...

  3. Ice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice

    When water freezes, it increases in volume (about 9% for fresh water). [8] The effect of expansion during freezing can be dramatic, and ice expansion is a basic cause of freeze-thaw weathering of rock in nature and damage to building foundations and roadways from frost heaving. It is also a common cause of the flooding of houses when water ...

  4. Frost heaving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_heaving

    Photograph taken 21 March 2010 in Norwich, Vermont. Frost heaving (or a frost heave) is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface, upwards from the depth in the soil where freezing temperatures have penetrated into the soil (the freezing front or freezing boundary).

  5. Properties of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_water

    The unusual density curve and lower density of ice than of water is essential for much of the life on earth—if water were most dense at the freezing point, then in winter the cooling at the surface would lead to convective mixing. Once 0 °C are reached, the water body would freeze from the bottom up, and all life in it would be killed. [36]

  6. Weathering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering

    It was long believed that the most important of these is frost wedging, which results from the expansion of pore water when it freezes. A growing body of theoretical and experimental work suggests that ice segregation, whereby supercooled water migrates to lenses of ice forming within the rock, is the more important mechanism. [8] [9]

  7. Should I turn off water if pipes are frozen? How to keep ...

    www.aol.com/turn-off-water-pipes-frozen...

    What to do when water pipes freeze. Here are tips from The Red Cross. If you turn on a faucet and only a trickle comes out, suspect a frozen pipe. Likely places for frozen pipes include against ...

  8. Frost damage (construction) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_damage_(construction)

    When water freezes, the volume of water increases by 9 %. [citation needed] When the volumetric moisture content exceeds 91 %, then the volume increase of water in the pores of the material caused by freezing cannot be absorbed by sufficient empty pores. This causes an increase in the internal pressure.

  9. Phases of ice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_ice

    Most liquids under increased pressure freeze at higher temperatures because the pressure helps to hold the molecules together. However, the strong hydrogen bonds in water make it different: for some pressures higher than 1 atm (0.10 MPa), water freezes at a temperature below 0 °C. Subjected to higher pressures and varying temperatures, ice can ...