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Vertical direct effect concerns the relationship between EU law and national law – specifically, the state's obligation to ensure its observance and its compatibility with EU law, thereby enabling citizens to rely on it in actions against the state or against public bodies; an "emanation of the state" as defined in Foster v.
The Maastricht Treaty dispositions on the status of European citizenship (having direct effect, i.e. directly conferring the status of European citizen to all member states nationals) were not immediately applied by the Court, which continued following the previous interpretative approach and employed European citizenship as a supplementary ...
The Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund is a funding programme managed by the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission, which promotes the efficient management of migration flows and the implementation, strengthening and development of a common approach to asylum and immigration in the European Union. [54]
European Union law is a system of rules operating within the 27 member states of the European Union (EU). It has grown over time since the 1952 founding of the European Coal and Steel Community , to promote peace, social justice, a social market economy with full employment , and environmental protection.
Citizenship of the European Union was established by Article 20 of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and the Citizenship Directive 2004/38 elaborates the right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely in the territory of a member state, consolidating previous Directives dealing with the right ...
E. European Community number; Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2006; Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2016; Electronic persons
The area of freedom, security and justice (AFSJ) of the European Union (EU) is a policy domain concerning home affairs and migration, justice as well as fundamental rights, developed to address the challenges posed to internal security by collateral effects of the free movement of people and goods in the absence of border controls or customs ...
Accessing Asylum in Europe: Extraterritorial Border Controls and Refugee Rights Under EU Law. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-870100-2. Mountz, Alison (2020). The Death of Asylum: Hidden Geographies of the Enforcement Archipelago. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-4529-6010-4. Ryan, Bernard; Mitsilegas, Valsamis (2010).