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  2. Gravitoelectromagnetism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitoelectromagnetism

    Diagram regarding the confirmation of gravitomagnetism by Gravity Probe B. Gravitoelectromagnetism, abbreviated GEM, refers to a set of formal analogies between the equations for electromagnetism and relativistic gravitation; specifically: between Maxwell's field equations and an approximation, valid under certain conditions, to the Einstein field equations for general relativity.

  3. List of electromagnetism equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electromagnetism...

    Lorentz force on a charged particle (of charge q) in motion (velocity v), used as the definition of the E field and B field. Here subscripts e and m are used to differ between electric and magnetic charges .

  4. Coulomb's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb's_law

    Early investigators of the 18th century who suspected that the electrical force diminished with distance as the force of gravity did (i.e., as the inverse square of the distance) included Daniel Bernoulli [12] and Alessandro Volta, both of whom measured the force between plates of a capacitor, and Franz Aepinus who supposed the inverse-square ...

  5. Maxwell's equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell's_equations

    [note 1] The equations are named after the physicist and mathematician James Clerk Maxwell, who, in 1861 and 1862, published an early form of the equations that included the Lorentz force law. Maxwell first used the equations to propose that light is an electromagnetic phenomenon.

  6. Electromagnetism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

    The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination of electrostatics and magnetism, which are distinct but closely intertwined phenomena. Electromagnetic forces occur between any two charged particles.

  7. Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariant_formulation_of...

    The electromagnetic tensor is the combination of the electric and magnetic fields into a covariant antisymmetric tensor whose entries are B-field quantities. [1] = (/ / / / / /) and the result of raising its indices is = = (/ / / / / /), where E is the electric field, B the magnetic field, and c the speed of light.

  8. Classical electromagnetism and special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_electromagnetism...

    A derivation for the transformation of the Lorentz force for the particular case u = 0 is given here. [4] A more general one can be seen here. [5] The transformations in this form can be made more compact by introducing the electromagnetic tensor (defined below), which is a covariant tensor.

  9. Fundamental interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

    Electromagnetic forces are tremendously stronger than gravity, but tend to cancel out so that for astronomical-scale bodies, gravity dominates. Electrical and magnetic phenomena have been observed since ancient times, but it was only in the 19th century James Clerk Maxwell discovered that electricity and magnetism are two aspects of the same ...