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The Inquisition was a Catholic judicial procedure where the ecclesiastical judges could initiate, investigate and try cases in their jurisdiction. Popularly it became the name for various medieval and reformation -era State-organized tribunals whose aim was to combat heresy , apostasy , blasphemy , witchcraft , and other dangers, using this ...
Pope Gregory IX from medieval manuscript: Universitätsbibliothek Salzburg, M III 97, 122rb, ca. 1270) The Medieval Inquisition was a series of Inquisitions (Catholic Church bodies charged with suppressing heresy) from around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition (1184–1230s) and later the Papal Inquisition (1230s).
Two investiture controversies ended in the 12th century, both concerning whether secular or religious authorities could appoint bishops. One was between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, which ran from 1076 (starting between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV) until 1122, when Pope Callixtus II and Emperor Henry V agreed on the Concordat of Worms.
From the mid-12th century, the dualist sect of the Cathars is noted for its presence in Languedoc, where it gained exceptionally strong standing.Following the Council of Saint-Félix (circa 1167 or circa 1175), it established its own church structures in Languedoc with bishops in Albi, Toulouse, Carcassonne, and Agen.
In 1233, Gregory IX established the Papal Inquisition to regularize the prosecution of heresy. [8] The Papal Inquisition was intended to bring order to the haphazard episcopal inquisitions which had been established by Lucius III in 1184. Gregory's aim was to bring order and legality to the process of dealing with heresy, since there had been ...
The Episcopal Inquisition was created through the papal bull Ad Abolendam ("To abolish") [14] [15] at the end of the 12th century by Pope Lucius III, with the support of emperor Frederick I, to combat the Albigensian heresy in southern France. Heretics were to be handed over to secular authorities for punishment, have their property seized, and ...
The Roman Inquisition, formally Suprema Congregatio Sanctae Romanae et Universalis Inquisitionis (Latin for 'the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition'), was a system of partisan tribunals developed by the Holy See of the Catholic Church, during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes according ...
Until the development of the Catholic Medieval Inquisition in the 12th century, the legal systems used in medieval Europe generally relied on the adversarial system to determine whether someone should be tried and whether a person was guilty or innocent.