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In proportional representation systems, an electoral quota is the number of votes a candidate needs to be guaranteed election. They are used in some systems where a formula other than plurality is used to allocate seats.
(For the states, the quota for election is halved in a double dissolution election.) However, as STV is a ranked voting system , candidates who receive less than the quota for election in primary votes can still end up being elected if they amass sufficient preferences to reach the Droop quota.
The single transferable vote (STV) or proportional-ranked choice voting (P-RCV) [a] is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote in the form of a ranked ballot. Voters have the option to rank candidates, and their vote may be transferred according to alternative preferences if their preferred candidate is ...
The quota (sometimes called the threshold) is the number of votes that guarantees election of a candidate. Some candidates may be elected without reaching the quota, but any candidate who receives quota is elected. The Hare quota and the Droop quota are the common types of quota.
Therefore, the quota rule states that the only two allocations allowed for party A are 1 or 2 seats on the council. If there is a second party, B , that has 137 members, then the quota rule states that party B gets 137 300 ⋅ 5 ≈ 2.3 {\displaystyle {\frac {137}{300}}\cdot 5\approx 2.3} , rounded up and down equals either 2 or 3 seats.
The quota methods begin by calculating an entitlement (basic number of seats) for each party, by dividing their vote totals by an electoral quota (a fixed number of votes needed to win a seat, as a unit). Then, leftover seats, if any are allocated by rounding up the apportionment for some parties.
Under STV, the quota, an amount that guarantees election, is determined. In the example below, the Droop quota is used. Any candidate who earns more than 25 percent of the vote is declared elected. Note that it is only possible for 3 candidates to each achieve that quota.
The Droop quota is often confused with the Hare quota. While the Droop quota gives the number of voters needed to mathematically guarantee a candidate's election, the Hare quota gives the number of voters represented by each winner by exactly linear proportionality.