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Samaria (/ s ə ˈ m æ r i ə,-ˈ m ɛər i ə /), the Hellenized form of the Hebrew name Shomron (Hebrew: שֹׁמְרוֹן ), [1] is used as a historical and biblical name for the central region of the Land of Israel. It is bordered by Judea to the south and Galilee to the north.
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According to the Hebrew Bible, Omri, the king of the northern kingdom of Israel, purchased the hill from its owner, Shemer, for two talents of silver, and built on its broad summit a city he named Šōmrōn (Shomron; later it became 'Samaria' in Greek), the new city replacing Tirzah as the capital of his kingdom (1 Kings 16:24). [17]
The Judea and Samaria Area covers a portion of the territory designated by the biblical names of Judea and Samaria.Both names are tied to the ancient Israelite kingdoms: the former corresponds to part of the Kingdom of Judah, also known as the Southern Kingdom; and the latter corresponds to part of the Kingdom of Samaria, also known as the Northern Kingdom.
Historically, Samaritans were concentrated in Samaria. In Modern Hebrew, the Samaritans are called Shomronim (שומרונים), which also means "inhabitants of Samaria", literally, "Samaritans". In modern English, Samaritans refer to themselves as Israelite Samaritans. [17] [18] [c]
Other acronyms used by Israelis for the West Bank portion are Shai (ש"י Shomron VeYehuda – Samaria and Judea), and Ayosh (איו"ש Ezor Yehuda VeShomron – Judea and Samaria Area). The Yesha Council is the umbrella organization of the various municipal councils (local, regional, and cities) which represent Jews in the area.
Ruins of the royal palace of the Omiride dynasty in the city of Samaria, which was the capital of Israel from 880 BCE to 720 BCE.. According to Israel Finkelstein, Shoshenq I's campaign in the second half of the 10th century BCE collapsed the early polity of Gibeon in central highlands, and made possible the beginning of the Northern Kingdom, with its capital at Shechem, [10] [11] around 931 BCE.
In the Hebrew Bible, Oholah (אהלה) and Oholibah (אהליבה) (or Aholah and Aholibah in the King James Version and Young's Literal Translation) are pejorative personifications given by the prophet Ezekiel to the cities of Samaria in the Kingdom of Israel and Jerusalem in the kingdom of Judah, respectively.