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Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. [1] In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite ( stoichiometric ) ratio.
Emoto claimed that water was a "blueprint for our reality" and that emotional "energies" and "vibrations" could change its physical structure. [14] His water crystal experiments consisted of exposing water in glasses to various words, pictures, or music, then freezing it and examining the ice crystals' aesthetic properties with microscopic photography. [9]
A stick made of another inert substance such as a magnesia stick (MgO) may also be used. It is then dipped into powdered borax and held in the hottest part of the flame where it swells up as it loses its water of crystallization and then shrinks, forming a colourless, transparent glass-like bead (a mixture of sodium metaborate and boric anhydride).
One example is the pair [CrCl(H 2 O) 5]Cl 2 •H 2 O and [Cr(H 2 O) 6]Cl 3. [1] The former has one water of crystallization but the latter does not. Another example is the pair of titanium(III) chlorides, [Ti(H 2 O) 6]Cl 3 and [Ti(H 2 O) 4 Cl 2]Cl(H 2 O) 2. The former is violet and the latter, with two molecules of water of crystallization, is ...
Hydrates are inorganic salts "containing water molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal" [1] that are either bound to a metal center or that have crystallized with the metal complex. Such hydrates are also said to contain water of crystallization or water of hydration.
Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more rarely deposition directly from a gas.
Within the field of geology, Bowen's reaction series is the work of the Canadian petrologist Norman L. Bowen, [1] who summarized, based on experiments and observations of natural rocks, the sequence of crystallization of common silicate minerals from typical basaltic magma undergoing fractional crystallization (i.e. crystallization wherein early-formed crystals are removed from the magma by ...
"Nickel dichloride hexahydrate" consists of the chloride complex trans-[NiCl 2 (H 2 O) 4 plus water of crystallization. As indicated in the table below, many hydrates of metal chlorides are molecular complexes.