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Graphitization can be observed in various contexts. For example, it occurs naturally during the formation of certain types of coal or graphite in the Earth's crust.It can also be artificially induced during the manufacture of specific carbon materials, such as graphite electrodes used in fuel cells, nuclear reactors or metallurgical applications.
Oberlin and colleagues emphasised the role of basic structural units (BSU), made of planar aromatic structures consisting of less than 10–20 rings, with four layers or fewer. Cross-linking between the BSUs in non-graphitizing carbons prevents graphitization. [3]
In the more efficient Castner lengthwise graphitization furnace, the items to be graphitized, e.g. rods, are heated directly by placing them lengthwise end-to-end in contact with the carbon electrodes so that current flows through them, and the surrounding granulated carbon acts as a thermal insulator, but otherwise the furnace is similar to ...
The graphitization level will depend on key factors during graphitization process such as temperature, pressure, time and graphitization gas. Artificial graphite with favorable heat conductivity properties, stability and chemical properties can be applied in the production of lithium-ion batteries, graphite electrodes, heat management and high ...
The powder is made by heating powdered petroleum coke above the temperature of graphitization, sometimes with minor modifications. The graphite scrap comes from pieces of unusable electrode material (in the manufacturing stage or after use) and lathe turnings, usually after crushing and sizing.
4) Graphitization is the process of treating the fibers at high temperatures in order to improve the alignment and orientation of the crystalline regions along the fiber direction [1,8]. Having the crystalline regions aligned, stacked, and oriented along the fiber direction increases the overall strength of the carbon fiber.
Another factor affecting graphitization is the solidification rate; the slower the rate, the greater the time for the carbon to diffuse and accumulate into graphite. A moderate cooling rate forms a more pearlitic matrix, while a fast cooling rate forms a more ferritic matrix.
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