Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers ... Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), also known as CD326 among other names, is a transmembrane glycoprotein mediating Ca 2+-independent homotypic cell–cell adhesion in epithelia. [5] EpCAM is also involved in cell signaling, [ 6 ] migration, [ 7 ] proliferation, and differentiation. [ 8 ]
- The right panel shows high magnification on a positive area, confirming adenocarcinoma, as it shows tumor cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli. AE1/AE3 is an antibody cocktail that is used in immunohistochemistry, being generally positive in the cytoplasm of carcinomas (cancers of epithelial origin). [1] [2]
During EMT, epithelial markers like E-cadherin are downregulated, while mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and vimentin are upregulated. This change enables cancer cells to detach from the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissues, and ultimately spread to distant locations in the body by entering the bloodstream or lymphatic pathways. [16]
Among them, 20 are epithelial genes and the remaining 10 are specific for trichocytes. All cytokeratin chains are composed of a central α-helix-rich domain (with a 50 to 90% sequence identity among cytokeratins of the same type and around 30% between cytokeratins of different type) with non-α-helical N- and C-terminal domains.
CEA elevation is known to be affected by multiple factors. It varies inversely with tumor grade; well-differentiated tumors secrete more CEA. CEA is elevated more in tumors with lymph node and distant metastasis than in organ-confined tumors and, thus, varies directly with tumor stage.
It has been used as a sarcoma tumor marker to identify mesenchyme. [19] [20] Its specificity as a biomarker has been disputed by Jerad Gardner. [21] Vimentin is present in spindle cell squameous cell carcinoma. [22] [23]
This page was last edited on 26 October 2022, at 05:04 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.