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Physical vapor deposition (PVD), sometimes called physical vapor transport (PVT), describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings on substrates including metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers. PVD is characterized by a process in which the material transitions from a condensed phase to a ...
D. A. Karpov, "Cathodic arc sources and macroparticle filtering", Surface and Coatings technology 96 (1997) 22-23; S. Surinphong, "Basic Knowledge about PVD Systems and Coatings for Tools Coating" (1998), in Thai language; A. I. Morozov, Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 163 (1965) 1363, in Russian language
Aluminising vacuum chamber at Mont Mégantic Observatory used for re-coating telescope mirrors. [1] Vacuum deposition is a group of processes used to deposit layers of material atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule on a solid surface. These processes operate at pressures well below atmospheric pressure (i.e., vacuum). The deposited layers can ...
Titanium nitride (TiN; sometimes known as tinite) is an extremely hard ceramic material, often used as a physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating on titanium alloys, steel, carbide, and aluminium components to improve the substrate's surface properties.
Ion plating (IP) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process that is sometimes called ion assisted deposition (IAD) or ion vapor deposition (IVD) and is a modified version of vacuum deposition. Ion plating uses concurrent or periodic bombardment of the substrate, and deposits film by atomic-sized energetic particles called ions .
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The turmoil in Natalie Rupnow's family life, as documented by court records, offer a glimpse into events that may have shaped her path before Monday's tragedy.