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The 525-mile (845 km) system is composed of the Erie Canal, the Oswego Canal, the Cayuga–Seneca Canal, and the Champlain Canal. [2] In 2014 the entire system was listed as a national historic district on the National Register of Historic Places, [1] and in 2016 it was designated a National Historic Landmark. [3]
The Seneca River Lock on the Cayuga-Seneca Canal. The Seneca River, now the Cayuga–Seneca Canal, always has been an economic engine for the communities of Waterloo and Seneca Falls. The Seneca Lock Navigation Co., a private enterprise formed in 1813, dammed three sets of rapids and installed locks to allow goods to be transported to the Erie ...
[2] [3] Cayuga and Seneca Lakes are among the deepest in the United States, measuring 435 and 618 feet (133 and 188 m), respectively, with bottoms well below sea level. Though none of the lakes' widths exceed 3.5 miles (5.6 km), Seneca Lake is 38.1 miles (61.3 km) long, and at 66.9 square miles (173 km 2) is the largest in total area. [2]
In 1866, the western shores of Seneca Lake became home to its first winery, the Seneca Lake Grape Wine Company. The winery planted 100 acres (40.5 ha) of grapes. At the time, it was the largest vineyard in the state. By 1869 they were producing 14,000 US gallons (53,000 L) of Seneca Lake's first commercial wine.
The Seneca River watershed drains a total of 3,468 square miles (8,980 km 2), or about two-thirds of the greater Oswego River basin. [4] There are about 4,370 miles (7,030 km) of streams in the Seneca basin. [10] The Seneca receives the outflow of seven of the eleven Finger Lakes: Canandaigua, Keuka, Seneca, Cayuga, Owasco, Skaneateles and Otisco.
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The town lies between Cayuga Lake and Seneca Lake at latitude 42° 45' 8" N. and longitude 76° 50' 2" W. at an altitude of 705 ft (214 m).. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 51.4 square miles (133 km 2), of which 37.8 square miles (98 km 2) is land and 13.6 square miles (35 km 2) (26.45%) is water.
Seneca's two main inlets are Catharine Creek at the southern end and the Keuka Lake Outlet. Seneca Lake lets out into the Seneca River/ Cayuga-Seneca Canal, which joins Seneca and Cayuga Lakes at their northern ends. It is fed by underground springs and replenished at a rate of 328,000 gallons (1240 m³) per minute.