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The three-spined stickleback is a secondary intermediate host for the hermaphroditic parasite Schistocephalus solidus, a tapeworm of fish and fish-eating birds. The tapeworm passes into sticklebacks through its first intermediate hosts, cyclopoid copepods, when these are eaten by the fish.
The stickleback family, Gasterosteidae, was first proposed as a family by the French zoologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1831. [1] It was long thought that the sticklebacks and their relatives made up a suborder, the Gasterosteoidei, of the order Gasterostiformes with the sea horses and pipefishes making up the suborder Syngnathoidei.
Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Three-spined stickleback) †Gasterosteus crenobiontus Băcescu & R. Mayer, 1956 (Techirghiol stickleback) Gasterosteus islandicus Sauvage, 1874 (Iceland stickleback) Gasterosteus microcephalus Girard, 1854 (Smallhead stickleback) Gasterosteus nipponicus Higuchi, Sakai & A. Goto, 2014 [1]
Stickleback fish have both marine and freshwater species, the freshwater species evolving since the last ice age. Freshwater species can survive colder temperatures. Scientists tested to see if they could reproduce this evolution of cold-tolerance by keeping marine sticklebacks in cold freshwater.
The ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), also called the ten-spined stickleback, is a freshwater species of fish in the family Gasterosteidae that inhabits temperate waters. It is widely but locally distributed throughout Eurasia and North America. Despite its name, the number of spines can vary from 8 to 12.
The Icelandic threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus islandicus) is a freshwater fish, and one of the few vertebrate species endemic to Iceland. In some literature it is considered as a subspecies of G. aculeatus, [2] though several authorities offer it full species status. [3] [4] It was first described by French biologist Henri Émile Sauvage ...
Three-spined stickleback fish have been a frequently studied species in ecological speciation.. Ecological speciation is a form of speciation arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to an ecological factor that reduces or eliminates gene flow between two populations of a species.
Indostomus paradoxus Prashad & Mukerji, 1929 (armoured stickleback, pipe fish) Indostomus spinosus Britz & Kottelat, 1999; Indostomus paradoxus, was discovered in the 1920s in Lake Indawgyi in Myanmar. In the 1990s, two other species were discovered and placed into the genus Indostomus. [10]