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  2. Equatorial coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_coordinate_system

    The fundamental plane is the plane of the Earth's equator. The primary direction (the x axis) is the March equinox. A right-handed convention specifies a y axis 90° to the east in the fundamental plane; the z axis is the north polar axis. The reference frame does not rotate with the Earth, rather, the Earth rotates around the z axis.

  3. Earth's rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_rotation

    The South Pole is the other point where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface, in Antarctica. Earth rotates once in about 24 hours with respect to the Sun, but once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds with respect to other distant stars . Earth's rotation is slowing slightly with time; thus, a day was shorter in the past.

  4. Cardinal direction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction

    Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.

  5. Polar motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_motion

    Polar motion of the Earth is the motion of the Earth's rotational axis relative to its crust. [2]: 1 This is measured with respect to a reference frame in which the solid Earth is fixed (a so-called Earth-centered, Earth-fixed or ECEF reference frame). This variation is a few meters on the surface of the Earth.

  6. Rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation

    A sphere rotating (spinning) about an axis. Rotation or rotational motion is the circular movement of an object around a central line, known as an axis of rotation.A plane figure can rotate in either a clockwise or counterclockwise sense around a perpendicular axis intersecting anywhere inside or outside the figure at a center of rotation.

  7. Earth’s core might be reversing its spin. It ‘won’t affect ...

    www.aol.com/news/earth-core-might-reversing-spin...

    Earth’s inner core, a red-hot ball of iron 1,800 miles below our feet, stopped spinning recently, and it may now be reversing directions, according to an analysis of seismic activity.

  8. Axial tilt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_tilt

    The positive pole of a planet is defined by the right-hand rule: if the fingers of the right hand are curled in the direction of the rotation then the thumb points to the positive pole. The axial tilt is defined as the angle between the direction of the positive pole and the normal to the orbital plane.

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