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In some prisons and reformatories, a wooden apparatus known as birching donkey or birching pony was specially constructed for birchings. As there were no detailed rules, prisons and police stations devised, adapted and used many different contraptions under various names that juvenile and adult offenders were bent over for punishment.
The 17th-century perjurer Titus Oates in a pillory. The pillory is a device made of a wooden or metal framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and hands, used during the medieval and renaissance periods for punishment by public humiliation and often further physical abuse. [1]
An adult male donkey is a jack or jackass, an adult female is a jenny or jennet, [4] [5] [6] and an immature donkey of either sex is a foal. [6] Jacks are often mated with female horses (mares) to produce mules ; the less common hybrid of a male horse (stallion) and jenny is a hinny .
Pillories were a common form of punishment.. Public humiliation exists in many forms. In general, a criminal sentenced to one of many forms of this punishment could expect themselves be placed (restrained) in a central, public, or open location so that their fellow citizens could easily witness the sentence and, in some cases, participate as a form of "mob justice".
The donkey is referenced by the philosopher Jean Buridan in his parable of Buridan's Donkey, illustrating the difficulty of deciding. [7] [8] Although the donkey in question was, according to Pastoureau, purely symbolic and never existed outside of a verbal jousting, this paradox illustrates the proverbial stupidity of the animal. [9]
Cavalletto at the Inquisitor's Palace, in Birgu. A wooden horse, Chevalet (as it was called in Spain), Spanish donkey or cavalletto squarciapalle is a torture device, of which there exist two variations; both inflict pain by using the subject's own weight by keeping the legs open, tied with ropes from above, while lowering down the subject. [1]
The Baudet du Poitou, also called the Poitevin or Poitou donkey, is a French breed of donkey. It is one of the largest breeds, and jacks (donkey stallions) were bred to mares of the Poitevin horse breed to produce Poitevin mules, which were formerly in worldwide demand for agricultural and other work.
It is a large donkey breed with a very long shaggy coat and no dorsal stripe: Benderi: Iran: Biyang: China: Bourik: Haiti: Brasil: Venezuela: Bulgaro: Venezuela: Bulgarian donkey: Bulgaria: Burro: Mexico, Nicaragua, United States: small donkey of Mexico and the U.S. seen in both domesticated and feral states; some feral burros in the western U ...