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While horses feature in various beliefs and traditions, they do not hold the same significance in Chinese culture as mythological animals such as cranes, phoenixes, dragons, and tigers. [19] The association of the qilin with the unicorn—and by extension, the horse—remains a subject of debate.
Horses are real creatures, of the family Equidae—quick-paced, hoofed quadrupeds, existing now and historically, in China, among other places. Many breeds have been used or developed for food, transportation, and for military power for thousands of years, in the area of China, and elsewhere, as well as sometimes being loved or cherished, as pets companions, or inspirations for art.
Beginning around the 3rd century BCE, Chinese classics mention Bole, a mythological horse-tamer, as an exemplar of horse judging. Bole is frequently associated with the fabled qianlima (Chinese: 千里馬) "thousand-miles horse", which was supposedly able to gallop one thousand li (approximately 400 km) in a single day (e.g. Red Hare, sweats blood horse).
Ox-Head and Horse-Face in the Hell Scroll at Seattle Asian Art Museum. Ox-Head (simplified Chinese: 牛头; traditional Chinese: 牛頭; pinyin: Niútóu; Wade–Giles: niu 2-t'ou 2) and Horse-Face (simplified Chinese: 马面; traditional Chinese: 馬面; pinyin: Mǎmiàn; Wade–Giles: ma 3-mien 4) are two guardians or types of guardians of the underworld in Chinese mythology.
The Horse is the seventh of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. There is a long tradition of the Horse in Chinese mythology . Certain characteristics of the Horse nature are supposed to be typical of or to be associated with either a year of the Horse and its events, or in regard to ...
The Horses of Neptune, illustration by Walter Crane, 1893.. Horse symbolism is the study of the representation of the horse in mythology, religion, folklore, art, literature and psychoanalysis as a symbol, in its capacity to designate, to signify an abstract concept, beyond the physical reality of the quadruped animal.
Feeding horses was a significant problem, [citation needed] and many people were driven from their land so that the Imperial horses would have adequate pastures. Climate and fodder south of the Yangtze River were unfit for horses raised on the grasslands of the western steppes. [8] The Chinese army lacked a sufficient number of good quality horses.
A longma (lower left corner) on a rubbing from the Wu Liang shrines' reliefs. Longma or "dragon horse" connects with other creatures in Chinese folklore.While longma sometimes applies to the Qilin, [13] the closest relative is the legendary tianma 天馬 "heavenly horse" or the "Chinese Pegasus", which was metaphorically identified with the hanxuema 汗血馬 "blood-sweating horse" or Ferghana ...