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Trial by ordeal was an ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused (called a "proband" [1]) was determined by subjecting them to a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience.
The term baptism with fire originated from the words of John the Baptist in Matthew 3:11 (and the parallel passage in Luke 3:16).: [1]. Matthew 3:11 "I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire" King James Version 1611
Kugatachi (盟神探湯) is a kind of trial by ordeal that was conducted in ancient Japan. [1] It was done through exposure to boiling water and it is believed that innocent people would not be scalded and guilty people would be scalded due to divine intervention by kami .
Unlike for the trial by combat, scholars debate whether the trials by fire and water were inspired by Christianity or derive from pre-Christian Germanic tradition. [ 131 ] [ 64 ] Robert Bartlett argues for a Frankish origin of the practice of trial by fire and water, with Frankish influence spreading it around Europe.
The account of the ordeal of bitter water is given in the Book of Numbers: Then Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘If any man’s wife goes astray and is unfaithful to him, and a man lies sexually with her, and it is hidden from the eyes of her husband, and she is undetected; but she has defiled herself, and there is no witness against her, and ...
Bisha'a or Bisha (Arabic: بِشْعَة; ordeal by fire, trial by fire or fire test) is a ritual practiced by some Muslim Bedouin tribes of the Judean, Negev and Sinai deserts for the purpose of lie detection. It is also practiced, and is said to have originated among, some Bedouin tribes of Saudi Arabia.
Other forms of trial by ordeal vanished during the centuries before cruentation's demise, precisely because they (hubristically) effected divine judgement. [ 10 ] Cruentative procedures became increasingly stringent, [ 11 ] and in 1545, Antonius Blancus was the first to question the reliability of cruentation as a practice. [ 12 ]
Girolamo Savonarola, OP (UK: / ˌ s æ v ɒ n ə ˈ r oʊ l ə /, US: / ˌ s æ v ə n-, s ə ˌ v ɒ n-/; [4] [5] [6] Italian: [dʒiˈrɔːlamo savonaˈrɔːla]; 21 September 1452 – 23 May 1498), also referred to as Jerome Savonarola, [7] was an ascetic Dominican friar from Ferrara and a preacher active in Renaissance Florence. [8]