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The Nanakshahi calendar (Gurmukhi: ਨਾਨਕਸ਼ਾਹੀ, romanized: Nānakshāhī) is a tropical solar calendar used in Sikhism.It is based on the "Barah Maha" (Twelve Months), a composition composed by the Sikh gurus reflecting the changes in nature conveyed in the twelve-month cycle of the year. [1]
[8] [9] Chait is considered to be the first month of the lunar year. [10] The lunar year begins on Chet Sudi: the first day after the new moon in Chet. [11] This means that the first half of the purṇimānta month of Chaitra goes to the previous year, while the second half belongs to the new Lunar year. [9]
The Guru Nanak was born on the Full Moon (Pooranmashi) of the Indian Lunar Month Kartik. [15] The Sikhs have been celebrating Guru Nanak's Gurpurab around November for this reason, and it has been ingrained in Sikh Traditions. [8] [16]
From that day till the end of the month, oil lamps are lit every day. On Karthika Purnima, oil lamps with 365 wicks prepared at home are lit in Shiva temples. Apart from that, Kartika Puranam is read, and fasting is observed till sunset, every day for the whole month. The Swaminarayan Sampradaya also celebrates this day with faith and fervor. [8]
Bhai Gurdas, having written on a full-moon-day of the Kattak month several decades after Nanak's death, mentions that Nanak had "obtained omniscience" on the same day, and it was now the author's turn to "get divine light." [24] According to eyewitness Sikh chronicles, known as Bhatt Vahis, Guru Nanak was born on the full moon of Katak. [25]
Generally, this day falls during 14th or 15th of the month of April. Those following the lunar calendar consider the month of Chaitra (corresponding to March-April) as the first month of the year, so the new year is celebrated on the first day of this month like Ugadi in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra.
Pūrṇimā (Sanskrit: पूर्णिमा) is the word for full moon in Sanskrit.The day of Purnima is the day in each month when the full moon occurs, and marks the division in each month between the two lunar fortnights (), and the Moon is aligned exactly in a straight line, called a syzygy, with the Sun and Earth.
The following is a list of notable month-long observances, recurrent months that are used by various governments, groups and organizations to raise awareness of an issue, commemorate a group or event, or celebrate something.