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Moreover, if one sets x = 1 + t, one gets without computation that () = (+) is a polynomial in t with the same first coefficient 3 and constant term 1. [2] The rational root theorem implies thus that a rational root of Q must belong to {,}, and thus that the rational roots of P satisfy = + {,,,}.
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator.
The Heaviside cover-up method, named after Oliver Heaviside, is a technique for quickly determining the coefficients when performing the partial-fraction expansion of a rational function in the case of linear factors. [1] [2] [3] [4]
In this section, we show that factoring over Q (the rational numbers) and over Z (the integers) is essentially the same problem.. The content of a polynomial p ∈ Z[X], denoted "cont(p)", is, up to its sign, the greatest common divisor of its coefficients.
In mathematics, the method of equating the coefficients is a way of solving a functional equation of two expressions such as polynomials for a number of unknown parameters. It relies on the fact that two expressions are identical precisely when corresponding coefficients are equal for each different type of term.
An algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients. For example, the golden ratio , ( 1 + 5 ) / 2 {\displaystyle (1+{\sqrt {5}})/2} , is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial x 2 − x − 1 .
Every polynomial with rational coefficients, may be factorized, in a unique way, as the product of a rational number and a polynomial with integer coefficients, which is primitive (that is, the greatest common divisor of the coefficients is 1), and has a positive leading coefficient (coefficient of the term of the highest degree). For example:
The content c(P) of a polynomial P with coefficients in R is the greatest common divisor of its coefficients, and, as such, is defined up to multiplication by a unit. The primitive part pp(P) of P is the quotient P/c(P) of P by its content; it is a polynomial with coefficients in R, which is unique up to