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Due to the use of fractions in many STV systems today, rounded-off variants of the Droop and Hagenbach-Bischoff quota may not be needed. The Britton or Newland-Britton quota [9] [a], sometimes called the "exact Droop" quota, is not rounded off and is slightly smaller than the Droop quota as Droop originally proposed it. Its formula is vote ...
Continued fractions are, in some ways, more "mathematically natural" representations of a real number than other representations such as decimal representations, and they have several desirable properties: The continued fraction representation for a real number is finite if and only if it is a rational number.
The Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) was an early British computer. [1] Inspired by John von Neumann 's seminal First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC , the machine was constructed by Maurice Wilkes and his team at the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory in England.
The seats-to-votes ratio for a political party is the ratio between the fraction of seats and the fraction of votes for that party: a i = s i v i {\displaystyle a_{i}={\frac {s_{i}}{v_{i}}}} The Sainte-Laguë method approximates proportionality by optimizing the seats-to-votes ratio among all parties i {\displaystyle i} with the least squares ...
0 (zero) is a number representing an empty quantity.Adding (or subtracting) 0 to any number leaves that number unchanged; in mathematical terminology, 0 is the additive identity of the integers, rational numbers, real numbers, and complex numbers, as well as other algebraic structures.
An envy-free cake-cutting is a kind of fair cake-cutting.It is a division of a heterogeneous resource ("cake") that satisfies the envy-free criterion, namely, that every partner feels that their allocated share is at least as good as any other share, according to their own subjective valuation.
The 680x0 line of processors has been used in a variety of systems, from high-end Texas Instruments calculators (the TI-89, TI-92, and Voyage 200 lines) to all of the members of the Palm Pilot series that run Palm OS 1.x to 4.x (OS 5.x is ARM-based), and even radiation-hardened versions in the critical control systems of the Space Shuttle.