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The biosensors are disposable, resulting in low costs and high commercial availability. [11] Biosensor selection is determined by the desired test results: kinetic analysis, quantitative analysis, or both. [12] Most commercially available biosensor types will be grouped into one of these three categories by the BLI manufacturer. [1]
They function as nucleic acids selectively binding molecules such as proteins, bacteria cells, metal ions, etc. [1] Aptamers can be developed to have precise specificity to bind to a desired target. Aptamers change conformation upon binding, altering the electrochemical properties which can be measured.
In case of glucose, for instance, concanavalin A may function as affinity receptor exhibiting a binding constant of 4x10^2 L/mol. [22] The use of affinity binding receptors for purposes of biosensing has been proposed by Schultz and Sims in 1979 [23] and was subsequently configured into a fluorescent assay for measuring glucose in the relevant ...
Bio-FETs couple a transistor device with a bio-sensitive layer that can specifically detect bio-molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. A Bio-FET system consists of a semiconducting field-effect transistor that acts as a transducer separated by an insulator layer (e.g. SiO 2) from the biological recognition element (e.g. receptors or probe molecules) which are selective to the target ...
Clinical miRNA sample analysis commonly comes in blood, plasma, serum, seminal fluid, saliva, urine, and tissue-derived miRNAs. [54] In the context of cancer, biosensor detection of miRNAs is most conveniently performed in the form of liquid biopsies, as circulatory miRNAs are found in the highest abundance in liquid samples. [55]
In rat liver, the total amount of NAD + and NADH is approximately 1 μmole per gram of wet weight, about 10 times the concentration of NADP + and NADPH in the same cells. [17] The actual concentration of NAD + in cell cytosol is harder to measure, with recent estimates in animal cells ranging around 0.3 mM , [ 18 ] [ 19 ] and approximately 1.0 ...
The DD, AD, DA, and AA letters mean that they have different combinations of unnatural base pairs. This causes their difference in binding strengths. The "-" columns have no protein, and the "+" columns do have protein. Aptamer with protein (+) and without protein (-) is loaded into wells in a gel and moves down the column lanes.
Biosensors based on type of biotransducers. A biotransducer is the recognition-transduction component of a biosensor system. It consists of two intimately coupled parts; a bio-recognition layer and a physicochemical transducer, which acting together converts a biochemical signal to an electronic or optical signal.