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Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (German:; 30 March 1811 [a] – 16 August 1899) was a German chemist. He investigated emission spectra of heated elements, and discovered caesium (in 1860) and rubidium (in 1861) with the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. [11] The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after Bunsen and Kirchhoff.
Spectroscope of Kirchhoff and Bunsen. The systematic attribution of spectra to chemical elements began in the 1860s with the work of German physicists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, [30] who found that Fraunhofer lines correspond to emission spectral lines observed in laboratory light sources. This laid way for spectrochemical analysis in ...
[1] [2] He also coined the term black body in 1860. [3] Several different sets of concepts are named "Kirchhoff's laws" after him, which include Kirchhoff's circuit laws, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation, and Kirchhoff's law of thermochemistry. The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after Kirchhoff and his colleague, Robert ...
About 45 years later, Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen [7] noticed that several Fraunhofer lines coincide with characteristic emission lines identified in the spectra of heated chemical elements. [8] They inferred that dark lines in the solar spectrum are caused by absorption by chemical elements in the solar atmosphere. [9]
In 1860, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered the metallic element caesium in the mineral water from the Durkheim springs. For its seven mineral springs , Dürkheim was given the epithet Solbad (" brine bath"), and in 1904 it was given leave to change its name to Bad Dürkheim ( Bad is German for "bath", and a place may only bear this ...
In 1860, the unexpected appearance of sky-blue and dark red was observed in spectral emissions by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, leading to the discovery of two alkali metals, caesium and rubidium (dark red). [4] [1] Today, this low-cost method is used in secondary education to teach students to detect metals in samples qualitatively. [2]
Bunsen was joined in his research by Gustav Kirchhoff. Kirchhoff used the concept of the dispersion of white light by a prism in the invention of the spectroscope , a device with a prism at its centre which split the light from Bunsen's flames into distinct bands of its constituent colours – the element's spectral lines .
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff were the first to establish atomic emission spectroscopy as a tool in chemistry. [1] When an element is burned in a flame, its atoms move from the ground electronic state to the excited electronic state. As atoms in the excited state move back down into the ground state, they emit light.