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Combustion dispersal due to burning of the HE and SNM (approximately 0.1% aerosolization); and; HEVR dispersal defined as an explosion or "violent" reaction that outside of a laboratory or test-range environment can only be described as a continuum from violent deflagration to detonation (assumed 100% aerosolization).
In technical terms, the reaction zone (chemical combustion) is a self-driven shock wave where the reaction zone and the shock are coincident, and the chemical reaction is initiated by the compressive heating caused by the shock wave. The process is similar to ignition in a Diesel engine, but much more sudden and violent.
As explained above, a deflagration is a subsonic reaction, whereas a detonation is a supersonic (greater than the sound speed of the material) reaction. Distinguishing between a deflagration or a detonation can be difficult to impossible to the casual observer.
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [3] Notable examples include alkali metals, lithium through caesium, and alkaline earth metals, magnesium through barium.
A BLEVE–fireball at the Philadelphia Energy Solutions refinery, as rendered by the CSB. A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE, / ˈ b l ɛ v iː / BLEV-ee) is an explosion caused by the rupture of a vessel containing a pressurized liquid that is or has reached a temperature sufficiently higher than its boiling point at atmospheric pressure.
In an endothermic reaction or system, energy is taken from the surroundings in the course of the reaction, usually driven by a favorable entropy increase in the system. [7] An example of an endothermic reaction is a first aid cold pack, in which the reaction of two chemicals, or dissolving of one in another, requires calories from the ...
Maybe it shouldn't be a surprise the Cleveland Cavaliers beat the Milwaukee Bucks, but Donovan Mitchell closed it with some high drama. The Cavaliers star sank a game-winner at mid-range with 0.3 ...
Materials may polymerize, decompose, self-react, or undergo other chemical change at normal temperature and pressure with moderate risk of explosion (e.g., ammonium nitrate). 2. Materials that are unstable and may undergo violent chemical changes at normal temperature and pressure with low risk for explosion.