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Gauge was determined from the weight of a solid sphere of lead that will fit the bore of the firearm and is expressed as the multiplicative inverse of the sphere's weight as a fraction of a pound, e.g., a one-twelfth pound lead ball fits a 12-gauge bore. Therefore with a 12-gauge, it would take 12 balls of lead of the same size as the 12 gauge ...
Thus, a 10-gauge shotgun has a larger-diameter barrel than a 12-gauge shotgun, which has a larger-diameter barrel than a 20-gauge shotgun, and so forth. M35 .410 shotgun cartridges for M-6 survival gun w/.22 long rifle for comparison. The most popular shotgun gauge by far is 12-gauge.
Military use of combat shotguns through the 20th century has created a need for ammunition maximizing the combat effectiveness of such weapons within the limitations of international law. 12-gauge has been widely accepted as an appropriate bore diameter to provide an effective number of projectiles within an acceptable recoil.
For example, for a 12 gauge, the bore diameter of the barrel is nominally 18.5 mm (0.73 in), although different manufacturers do vary their as-manufactured bore from this diameter slightly. This is commonly called "overbore", when the as-built diameter exceeds the nominal actual diameter of 18.5 mm (0.73 in).
A Remington 870 12 gauge with sighted cylinder bore barrel suitable for Foster slugs and buckshot. The "Foster slug", invented by Karl M. Foster in 1931, and patented in 1947 (U.S. patent 2,414,863), is a type of shotgun slug designed to be fired through a smoothbore shotgun barrel, even though it commonly labeled as a "rifled" slug. A rifled ...
The standard model holds five 2.75-inch (70 mm) or five 3-inch (76 mm) shells in the magazine and one in the chamber. The Model 500 is available in 12 gauge, 20 gauge, and .410 bore, with the 12 gauge being the most popular and having the most optional features available. A 16 gauge model was introduced in 1963 and later discontinued. [15] [16 ...
The 20-gauge shotgun, also known as 20 bore, is a type of smoothbore shotgun. 20-gauge shotguns have a bore diameter of .615 in (15.6 mm), while the 12-gauge has a bore diameter of .729 in (18.5 mm). [2] 12-gauge and 20-gauge shotguns are the most popular gauges in the United States. [3] [4] The 20-gauge is popular among upland game hunters ...
The Mossberg Maverick 88 is a pump action shotgun manufactured for O.F. Mossberg & Sons.The Maverick 88 is virtually identical to the Mossberg 500.Factory Maverick 88s feature a black, synthetic only stock and forearm, cylinder bore (although interchangeable chokes are available on some hunting models), and cross-bolt safety.