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Xanthomonas (from greek: xanthos – "yellow"; monas – "entity") is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. [1] There are at least 27 plant associated Xanthomonas spp., that all together infect at least 400 plant species.
Xanthomonas are Gram-negative bacteria that can infect a wide variety of plant species including pepper/capsicum, rice, citrus, cotton, tomato, and soybeans. [7] Some types of Xanthomonas cause localized leaf spot or leaf streak while others spread systemically and cause black rot or leaf blight disease.
Like with Xanthomonas species in general, the primary route of transmission for Xanthomonas campestris is through seeds, which act as the source of inoculum. [3] [2] Therefore, the bacteria are initially in the epiphytic stage of the infection cycle, which is when they grow on the surface of the plant, such as on the aerial tissues of leaves ...
The genus Xanthomonas, which mostly comprises phytopathogenic bacteria, is a member of the family Xanthomonadaceae.Among xanthomonads, X. o. pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight (BB) of rice which is one of the most important diseases of rice in most of the rice growing countries.
Xanthomonas perforans is a species of bacteria. It is a parasite of plants including pepper and tomatoes, causing spots on infected leaves and fruit. [1] X. perforans shows most growth at temperatures of 25-30C. [2] It is widespread, but mostly found in North and South America. [3]
The bacteria progress through the vascular system to the young stems and leaves, where the disease manifests as V-shaped chlorotic to necrotic lesions extending from the leaf margins. Under humid conditions, bacteria present in guttation droplets can be spread by wind, rain, water splashes, and mechanical equipment to neighboring plants.
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW), or banana bacterial wilt (BBW) or enset wilt is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum. [1] After being originally identified on a close relative of banana, Ensete ventricosum, in Ethiopia in the 1960s, [2] BXW emanated in Uganda in 2001 affecting all types of banana cultivars.
Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot (BLS) on peppers and tomatoes. It is a gram-negative and rod-shaped. [1] It causes symptoms throughout the above-ground portion of the plant including leaf spots, fruit spots and stem cankers.