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Oral cancer, also known as oral cavity cancer, tongue cancer or mouth cancer, is a cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth, or upper throat. [6] In the mouth, it most commonly starts as a painless red or white patch , that thickens, gets ulcerated and continues to grow.
Mucositis can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but oral mucositis refers to the particular inflammation and ulceration that occurs in the mouth. [2] Oral mucositis is a common and often debilitating complication of cancer treatment.
This has led to the popular belief that necrotizing gingivitis is contagious, but this is not the case. The main features of necrotizing gingivitis are painful, bleeding gums and ulceration and necrosis of the interdental papilla. There may also be intra-oral halitosis, cervical lymphadenitis (swollen lymph nodes in the neck) and malaise.
Initially, there may be a small ulcer in the mouth which progresses into necrotizing gingivitis – painful bleeding of the gums and inter-dental papillae. This is followed by a rapid spread of the infection resulting in more general inflammation of the mouth and lips , facial edema, and foul breath .
Necrotizing periodontal diseases are non-contagious infections but may occasionally occur in epidemic-like patterns due to shared risk factors. The milder form, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (also termed "trench mouth"), [9] is characterized by painful, bleeding gums and ulceration and necrosis of the interdental papilla.
In humans, oral candidiasis is the most common form of candidiasis, [17] by far the most common fungal infection of the mouth, [5] and it also represents the most common opportunistic oral infection in humans [40] with lesions only occurring when the environment favors pathogenic behavior.
In herpetic gingivostomatitis, lesions can be found in these locations, but they are almost always accompanied by ulcerations on the gums, lips, tongue or buccal mucosa and/or by hyperemia, hypertrophy or hemorrhage of the gums. [15] Hand Foot and Mouth Disease: Similar to herpangina, hand foot and mouth disease occurs predominantly in children.
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; [1] ulitis is an alternative term. [2] The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.