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"State intervention in economic production may take place only where private initiative is lacking or is insufficient, or when are at stakes the political interest of the State. This intervention may take the form of control, encouragement or direct management." [4] Article 13: "The duty of employment is under control of the corporate organs.
The state was given the authority as sole arbitrator over capital-labour negotiations, significantly increasing the power of the state. Overall, it placed Prime Minister Benito Mussolini in a far greater position of control over that of the workers within industry, and acted to effectively ban free trade unions.
The creation of the Chamber of Fasces and Corporations was the culmination of the progressive curtailment of the independence of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy following Mussolini's formal proclamation of dictatorship in 1925. All other parties were formally banned in 1926, though Italy had effectively been a one-party state for a year ...
Mussolini apparently saw it as "a virility issue" and the decline was an attack on his prestige. In the Pesaro Speech of 18 August 1926, he began the "Battle for the Lira". Mussolini made a number of strong pronouncements and set his position of returning the lira to its 1922 level against sterling, "Quota 90".
The Fascist regime led by Benito Mussolini, fearing a credit crunch with subsequent mass dismissals and a wave of social unrest, started to take over the banks' stakes in large industrial companies (such as steel, weapons and chemicals). At the same time, Mussolini tried to inject capital into failing businesses (Though restructured later).
The Mussolini government was the longest-serving government in the history of Italy. The Cabinet administered the country from 31 October 1922 to 25 July 1943, for a total of 7,572 days, or 20 years, 8 months and 25 days.
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[4] In principle, the Italian bourgeoisie could count on Mussolini's support as long as it remained heroic. [2] However, Mussolini believed that the degeneration of capitalism away from its heroic stage was an inevitable result of economic individualism , and therefore argued that the supervision of the Fascist state was essential to enable ...