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Explaining a Lexicostatistical Anomaly for Nubian Languages (lecture) May 25, 2011. Online version. Thelwall, Robin (1982). "Linguistic Aspects of Greater Nubian History", in The Archeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History. Edited by C. Ehret & M. Posnansky. Berkeley/Los Angeles, 39–56. Online version. Werner, Roland (1987).
The Old Nubian language is attested from the 8th century AD, and is the oldest recorded language of Africa outside of the Afroasiatic family. Nubia consisted of four regions with varied agriculture and landscapes. The Nile river and its valley were found in the north and central parts of Nubia, allowing farming using irrigation.
Old Nubian is one of the oldest written African languages and appears to have been adopted from the 10th–11th century as the main language for the civil and religious administration of Makuria. Besides Old Nubian, Koine Greek was widely used, especially in religious contexts, while Coptic mainly predominates in funerary inscriptions. [ 2 ]
Nubian languages. Hill Nubian; Notes: Eastern Sudanic is a large division of Nilo-Saharan spoken throughout the upper Nile region. Kir–Abbaian and Astaboran are the two branches of Eastern Sudanic, roughly distributed in the north and south of the region, respectively. The Nubian languages are spoken mostly in northern Sudan and southern Egypt.
The word "Deffufa" comes from the Nubian language, referring to buildings made of mudbrick, which were common Kerma’s architectural style. [ 2 ] The Western Deffufa has been the focus of significant archaeological interest since its discovery in the early 20th century.
"Nobiin" is the genitive form of Nòòbíí ("Nubian") and literally means "(language) of the Nubians". Another term used is Noban tamen, meaning "the Nubian language". [2] At least 2500 years ago, the first Nubian speakers migrated into the Nile valley from the southwest. Old Nubian is thought to be ancestral to Nobiin.
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Glottolog classifies Hill Nubian (Kordofan Nubian) into two branches: Eastern Kordofan Nubian and Western Kordofan Nubian, containing three and four languages respectively. [4] Ethnologue , however, only groups Kadaru and Ghulfan together, leaving the rest unclassified within Hill Nubian, as follows: [ 5 ]