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More than 80 different theories or variations of theories attempting to explain the Classic Maya collapse have been identified. [9] From climate change to deforestation to lack of action by Maya kings, there is no universally accepted collapse theory, although drought has gained momentum in the first quarter of the 21st century as the leading explanation, as more scientific studies are conducted.
The history of Maya civilization is divided into three principal periods: the Preclassic, Classic and Postclassic periods; [1] these were preceded by the Archaic Period, which saw the first settled villages and early developments in agriculture. [2]
In the 9th century, there was a widespread political collapse in the central Maya region, resulting in civil wars, the abandonment of cities, and a northward shift of population. The Postclassic period saw the rise of Chichen Itza in the north, and the expansion of the aggressive Kʼicheʼ kingdom in the Guatemalan Highlands
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The series of events at the end of the Classic Period in the Maya realm is often termed the Classic Maya collapse due to the end of multiple large and influential polities (as well as smaller ones due to ripple effects) during this period. Many sites continued to flourish after the end of this period; this category is for cities and other ...
The "Preclassic collapse" refers to the systematic decline and abandoning of the major Preclassic cities such as El Mirador around 100 AD. [6] A number of theories have been proposed to explain this collapse, but there is as little consensus here as there is for the causes of the more famous collapse leading to the Postclassic period.
It was only the great Maya megacities (some with populations between 30,000 and 180,000) and their spectacular pyramid-building traditions that declined (first, by around 900AD in the south of the ...
Review: Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization by Arthur Demarest. Latin American Antiquity 18 (2): 223–225 JSTOR 25063107 doi:10.2307/25063107; Anna C. L. Pineda (2016). Review: Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization Hukay: Journal for Archaeological Research in Asia and the Pacific 9: 109–110