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Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.
The electron affinity of molecules is a complicated function of their electronic structure. For instance the electron affinity for benzene is negative, as is that of naphthalene, while those of anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene are positive. In silico experiments show that the electron affinity of hexacyanobenzene surpasses that of fullerene. [5]
Kikuchi lines in a convergent beam diffraction pattern of single crystal silicon taken with a 300 keV electron beam. The figure on the left shows the Kikuchi lines leading to a silicon [100] zone, taken with the beam direction approximately 7.9° away from the zone along the (004) Kikuchi band.
The electron affinity (usually given by the symbol in solid state physics) gives the energy difference between the lower edge of the conduction band and the vacuum level of the semiconductor. The band gap (usually given the symbol E g {\displaystyle E_{\rm {g}}} ) gives the energy difference between the lower edge of the conduction band and the ...
One component is the difference in the work function (also called the electron affinity) between the two materials. [48] This can lead to charge transfer as, for instance, analyzed by Harper. [ 49 ] [ 50 ] As has been known since at least 1953, [ 37 ] [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] the contact potential is part of the process but does not explain many ...
If a line l goes from vertex v to vertex v′, then M(l) goes from N(v) to N(v′). If the line is undirected, as it is for a real scalar field, then M(l) can go from N(v′) to N(v) too. If a line l ends on an external line, M(l) ends on the same external line. If there are different types of lines, M(l) should preserve the type.
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English: electron affinity of the elements plotted against atomic number (the lines are an guide to the eye showing the trend per period; noble gases are "group 0" that starts a trend). Deutsch: Elektronenaffinität der Elemente aufgetragen über ihrer Ordnungszahl (die Hilfslinien zeigen den Trend innerhalb der Perioden; Edelgase sind in ...