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  2. DNA and RNA codon tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_and_RNA_codon_tables

    [2] [3] The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of genomic DNA. [4] In this context, the standard genetic code is referred to as translation table 1. [3] It can also be represented in a DNA codon table. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5 ′-to-3 ′ direction.

  3. Transfer RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_RNA

    A tRNA is commonly named by its intended amino acid (e.g. tRNA-Asn), by its anticodon sequence (e.g. tRNA(GUU)), or by both (e.g. tRNA-Asn(GUU) or tRNA Asn GUU ). [ 19 ] These two features describe the main function of the tRNA, but do not actually cover the whole diversity of tRNA variation; as a result, numerical suffixes are added to ...

  4. Messenger RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA

    Mature mRNA is then read by the ribosome, and the ribosome creates the protein utilizing amino acids carried by transfer RNA (tRNA). This process is known as translation. All of these processes form part of the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information in a biological system.

  5. Cloverleaf model of tRNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloverleaf_model_of_tRNA

    For example, if the amino acid that attach to the end is phenylalanine, the reaction will be catalyzed by phenylalanine-tRNA synthase to produce tRNA phe. [4] The other end—the bottom often called the "DNA arm"—consists of a three base sequence that pairs with a complementary base sequence in a mRNA. [5]

  6. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

    Overview of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) translation Translation of mRNA and ribosomal protein synthesis Initiation and elongation stages of translation involving RNA nucleobases, the ribosome, transfer RNA, and amino acids The three phases of translation: (1) in initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the RNA strand and the initiator tRNA–amino acid complex binds to the start ...

  7. RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

    Structure of a hammerhead ribozyme, a ribozyme that cuts RNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the type of RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome, the sites of protein synthesis (translation) in the cell cytoplasm. The coding sequence of the mRNA determines the amino acid sequence in the protein that is produced. [27]

  8. Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular...

    Complexes of initiation factors and elongation factors bring aminoacylated transfer RNAs (tRNAs) into the ribosome-mRNA complex, matching the codon in the mRNA to the anti-codon on the tRNA. Each tRNA bears the appropriate amino acid residue to add to the polypeptide chain being synthesised. As the amino acids get linked into the growing ...

  9. Nucleic acid tertiary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Nucleic_acid_tertiary_structure

    Two important functions are the binding potential with ligands or proteins, and its ability to stabilize the whole tertiary structure of DNA or RNA. The strong structure can inhibit or modulate transcription and replication, such as in the telomeres of chromosomes and the UTR of mRNA. [18] The base identity is important towards ligand binding.

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