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The addition of the hydrogen ion to one carbon atom in the alkene creates a positive charge on the other carbon, forming a carbocation intermediate. The more substituted the carbocation, the more stable it is, due to induction and hyperconjugation. The major product of the addition reaction will be the one formed from the more stable intermediate.
Top to bottom: electrophilic addition to alkene, nucleophilic addition of nucleophile to carbonyl and free-radical addition of halide to alkene. Depending on the product structure, it could promptly react further to eject a leaving group to give the addition–elimination reaction sequence. Addition reactions are useful in analytic chemistry ...
The reaction follows Markovnikov's rule (the hydroxy group will always be added to the more substituted carbon). The oxymercuration part of the reaction involves anti addition of OH group but the demercuration part of the reaction involves free radical mechanism and is not stereospecific, i.e. H and OH may be syn or anti to each other. [2] [3] [4]
The reaction has been applied to alkenes of virtually every substitution, often high enantioselectivities are realized, with the chiral outcome controlled by the choice of dihydroquinidine (DHQD) vs dihydroquinine (DHQ) as the ligand. Asymmetric dihydroxylation reactions are also highly site selective, providing products derived from reaction ...
In organic chemistry, syn-and anti-addition are different ways in which substituent molecules can be added to an alkene (R 2 C=CR 2) or alkyne (RC≡CR).The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction.
Usually the substrate is an alkene and the product is a nitrile. The reaction proceeds via the oxidative addition of HCN to a low-valent metal complex to give a hydrido cyanide complex. Subsequent binding of the alkene gives the intermediate M(H)(CN)L n (alkene), which then undergoes migratory insertion to give an alkylmetal
In organic chemistry, free-radical addition is an addition reaction which involves free radicals. These reactions can happen due to the free radicals having an unpaired electron in their valence shell, making them highly reactive. [1] Radical additions are known for a variety of unsaturated substrates, both olefinic or aromatic and with or ...
The addition of hydrogen and an amino group (NR 2) using reagents other than the amine HNR 2 is known as a "formal hydroamination" reaction. Although the advantages of atom economy and/or ready available of the nitrogen source are diminished as a result, the greater thermodynamic driving force, as well as ability to tune the aminating reagent ...