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Prognosis (Greek: πρόγνωσις "fore-knowing, foreseeing"; pl.: prognoses) is a medical term for predicting the likelihood or expected development of a disease, including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen (and how quickly) or remain stable over time; expectations of quality of life, such as the ability to carry out daily activities; the potential for complications and ...
A nocebo effect is said to occur when a patient's expectations for a treatment cause the treatment to have a worse effect than it otherwise would have. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, when a patient anticipates a side effect of a medication, they can experience that effect even if the "medication" is actually an inert substance. [ 1 ]
Survival rate is a part of survival analysis.It is the proportion of people in a study or treatment group still alive at a given period of time after diagnosis. It is a method of describing prognosis in certain disease conditions, and can be used for the assessment of standards of therapy.
In broad usage, the "practical clinical significance" answers the question, how effective is the intervention or treatment, or how much change does the treatment cause. In terms of testing clinical treatments, practical significance optimally yields quantified information about the importance of a finding, using metrics such as effect size, number needed to treat (NNT), and preventive fraction ...
A panel of epigenetic methylation marker has been explored for prognosis of ovarian cancer, and it is reported that the panel exhibited high specificity and sensitivity (both above 70%) as a screen marker. [5] Epigenetic markers have also shown promising potential as prognostic markers for bladder cancer. [6]
An effective prognostics solution is implemented when there is sound knowledge of the failure mechanisms that are likely to cause the degradations leading to eventual failures in the system. It is therefore necessary to have initial information on the possible failures (including the site, mode, cause and mechanism) in a product.
Although the ALSFRS-R score is a recognized prognostic indicator, [5] it is more useful to compare various indicators including vital capacity (FVC%) and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) [5] [12] to increase the accuracy of a given prognosis. Relating the ALSFRS-R score to staging criteria is also useful in determining prognosis.
However, diabetes does cause higher morbidity, mortality and operative risks with these conditions. [ 41 ] Diabetic foot, often due to a combination of sensory neuropathy (numbness or insensitivity) and vascular damage, increases rates of skin ulcers ( diabetic foot ulcers ) and infection and, in serious cases, necrosis and gangrene.