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The Scramble for Africa [a] was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
Scramble for Africa: Africa in the years 1880 and 1913, just before the First World War. The Scramble for Africa between 1870 and 1914 was a significant period of European imperialism in Africa that ended with almost all of Africa, and its natural resources, claimed as colonies by European powers, who raced to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves.
Africanists (Spanish: Africanistas) were the people who encouraged a strong colonial involvement of Spain in Africa, particularly in the early 20th century.Although Spain had been present in African territory for numerous centuries, it was not until the arrival of New Imperialism and the Berlin Conference in 1884 that the colonial power set its interests in African soil.
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This included: acquisition of land, often enforced labour, the introduction of cash crops, sometimes even to the neglect of food crops, changing inter-African trading patterns of pre-colonial times, the introduction of labourers from India, etc. and the continuation of Africa as a source of raw materials for European industry. [16]
The African independence movements took place in the 20th century, when a wave of struggles for independence in European-ruled African territories were witnessed. Notable independence movements took place: Algeria (former French Algeria), see Algerian War; Angola (former Portuguese Angola), see Portuguese Colonial War
The following were German African protectorates: German colonies in Africa, 1914. German South West Africa, 1884 to 1915; German West Africa, 1884 to 1915 Togoland, 1884 to 1916; Kamerun, from 1884 to 1916; Kapitaï and Koba, 1884 to 1885; Mahinland, March 11, 1885 to October 24, 1885; German East Africa, 1885 to 1918; Witu Protectorate, 1885 ...