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The C programming language manages memory statically, automatically, or dynamically.Static-duration variables are allocated in main memory, usually along with the executable code of the program, and persist for the lifetime of the program; automatic-duration variables are allocated on the stack and come and go as functions are called and return.
The array of objects in the example above is summarized in separate ways at lines [1], [2], and [3]. At line [1], the array has been only partly constructed. The array elements 0..i-1 contain constructed objects. The array element i is about to be constructed, and the following elements are uninitialized.
Intel 8237A-5, used on the original IBM PC motherboard Pinout. Intel 8237 is a direct memory access (DMA) controller, a part of the MCS 85 microprocessor family. It enables data transfer between memory and the I/O with reduced load on the system's main processor by providing the memory with control signals and memory address information during the DMA transfer.
The Word DMA (WDMA) interface is a method for transferring data between a computer (through an Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) controller) and an ATA device; it was the fastest method until Ultra Direct Memory Access (UDMA) was implemented.
Sony's PS2 Emotion Engine includes a 16 KB scratchpad, to and from which DMA transfers could be issued to its GS, and main memory. Cell's SPEs are restricted purely to working in their "local-store", relying on DMA for transfers from/to main memory and between local stores, much like a scratchpad. In this regard, additional benefit is derived ...
In the original IBM PC (and the follow-up PC/XT), there was only one Intel 8237 DMA controller capable of providing four DMA channels (numbered 0–3). These DMA channels performed 8-bit transfers (as the 8237 was an 8-bit device, ideally matched to the PC's i8088 CPU/bus architecture), could only address the first (i8086/8088-standard ...
When a processor writes on a shared cache block, all the shared copies in the other caches are invalidated through bus snooping. [3] This method ensures that only one copy of a datum can be exclusively read and written by a processor. All the other copies in other caches are invalidated. This is the most commonly used snooping protocol.
The C++ Standard Library also incorporates most headers of the ISO C standard library ending with ".h", but their use was deprecated (reverted the deprecation since C++23 [2]). [3] C++23 instead considers these headers as useful for interoperability with C, and recommends against their usage outside of programs that are intended to be both ...