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  2. Trifluoromethylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifluoromethylation

    In the CF 3 radical the fluorine atom is an electron-withdrawing group via the inductive effect but also a weak pi donor through interaction of the fluorine lone pair with the radical center's SOMO. Compared to the methyl radical the CF 3 radical is pyramidal (angle 107.8 °C ) with a large inversion barrier, electrophilic and also more reactive.

  3. Trifluoromethyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifluoromethyl_group

    Trifluoromethyl group covalently bonded to an R group. The trifluoromethyl group is a functional group that has the formula-CF 3. The naming of is group is derived from the methyl group (which has the formula -CH 3), by replacing each hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom. Some common examples are trifluoromethane H– CF 3, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane H ...

  4. Electrophilic aromatic directing groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic...

    An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural formulas) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance (mesomerism) or inductive effects (or induction)—called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic.

  5. Electron-withdrawing group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-withdrawing_group

    Electron-withdrawing groups exert an "inductive" or "electron-pulling" effect on covalent bonds. The strength of the electron-withdrawing group is inversely proportional to the pKa of the carboxylic acid. [2] The inductive effect is cumulative: trichloroacetic acid is 1000x stronger than chloroacetic acid.

  6. Triflate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triflate

    An additional stabilization is achieved by the trifluoromethyl group, which acts as a strong electron-withdrawing group using the sulfur atom as a bridge. Triflates have also been applied as ligands for group 11 and 13 metals along with lanthanides. Lithium triflates are used in some lithium ion batteries as a component of the electrolyte.

  7. Mesomeric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesomeric_effect

    The effect is used in a qualitative way and describes the electron withdrawing or releasing properties of substituents based on relevant resonance structures and is symbolized by the letter M. [2] The mesomeric effect is negative ( –M ) when the substituent is an electron-withdrawing group , and the effect is positive ( +M ) when the ...

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    The search engine that helps you find exactly what you're looking for. Find the most relevant information, video, images, and answers from all across the Web.

  9. Leaving group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaving_group

    In this usage, a leaving group is a less formal but more commonly used synonym of the term nucleofuge. In this context, leaving groups are generally anions or neutral species, departing from neutral or cationic substrates, respectively, though in rare cases, cations leaving from a dicationic substrate are also known. [3]