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  2. Almagest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagest

    Book III covers the length of the year, and the motion of the Sun. Ptolemy explains Hipparchus' discovery of the precession of the equinoxes and begins explaining the theory of epicycles. Books IV and V cover the motion of the Moon, lunar parallax, the motion of the lunar apogee, and the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon relative to the ...

  3. Timeline of astronomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_astronomy

    Ptolemy publishes his star catalogue, listing 48 constellations and endorses the geocentric (Earth-centered) view of the universe. His views go unquestioned for nearly 1500 years in Europe and are passed down to Arabic and medieval European astronomers in his book the Almagest. He also proposed astronomical calculation of the sidereal ...

  4. Deferent and epicycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferent_and_epicycle

    Although Copernicus' models reduced the magnitude of the epicycles considerably, whether they were simpler than Ptolemy's is moot. Copernicus eliminated Ptolemy's somewhat-maligned equant but at a cost of additional epicycles. Various 16th-century books based on Ptolemy and Copernicus use about equal numbers of epicycles.

  5. Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Sufi

    ʿAbd al-Rahmān al-Ṣūfī (full name: Abū’l-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿUmar ibn Sahl al-Ṣūfī al-Rāzī) [3] was one of the nine famous Muslim astronomers. [citation needed] He lived at the court of Emir 'Adud al-Dawla in Isfahan, and worked on translating and expanding ancient Greek astronomical works, especially the Almagest of Ptolemy.

  6. Timeline of Solar System astronomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System...

    28 BCE – Chinese history book Book of Han makes earliest known dated record of sunspot. [34] c. 150 CE – Claudius Ptolemy completes his work Almagest, that codifies the astronomical knowledge of his time and cements the geocentric model in the West, and it remained the most authoritative text on astronomy for more than

  7. Optics (Ptolemy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics_(Ptolemy)

    A 16th-century engraving of Ptolemy. Ptolemy's Optics is a 2nd-century book on geometrical optics, dealing with reflection, refraction, and colour. The book was most likely written late in Ptolemy's life, after the Almagest, during the 160s. [1] The work is of great importance in the early history of optics. The Greek text has been lost completely.

  8. Celestial spheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_spheres

    In Greek antiquity the ideas of celestial spheres and rings first appeared in the cosmology of Anaximander in the early 6th century BC. [7] In his cosmology both the Sun and Moon are circular open vents in tubular rings of fire enclosed in tubes of condensed air; these rings constitute the rims of rotating chariot-like wheels pivoting on the Earth at their centre.

  9. Rudolphine Tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolphine_Tables

    The frontispiece to the Rudolphine Tables celebrates the great astronomers of the past: Aratus, Hipparchus, Copernicus, Ptolemy, Meton, and most prominently, Tycho Brahe (beneath his standing figure, a map on the pedestal's central panel depicts the Hven Island, seat of Brahe's observatory Uranienborg).