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The Erechtheion [2] (/ ɪ ˈ r ɛ k θ i ə n /, latinized as Erechtheum / ɪ ˈ r ɛ k θ i ə m, ˌ ɛ r ɪ k ˈ θ iː ə m /; Ancient Greek: Ἐρέχθειον, Greek: Ερέχθειο) or Temple of Athena Polias [3] is an ancient Greek Ionic temple on the north side of the Acropolis, Athens, which was primarily dedicated to the goddess Athena.
The Acropolis at Athens (1846) by Leo von Klenze.Athena's name probably comes from the name of the city of Athens. [4] [5]Athena is associated with the city of Athens. [4] [6] The name of the city in ancient Greek is Ἀθῆναι (Athȇnai), a plural toponym, designating the place where—according to myth—she presided over the Athenai, a sisterhood devoted to her worship. [5]
The High Priestess supervised the city cult of Athena, enshrined in the Parthenon, and was the chief of the lesser officials such as the plyntrides, arrephoroi and kanephoroi. [2] Athena Polias ("Athena of the City") was one of the three divine patrons of the Acropolis of Athens, the other two being served by the High Priest of Poseidon ...
Reconstruction of the colossal cult Athena Polias statue drawn by S. Bird [26] Inside the cella, there was an Athena Polias statue for dedication. However, the actual shape was unknown. [27] In ca. 158-156 BC, a sculpture, offering of Orophernes, replaced the old statue. [27] [26] Tetradrachms at that time indicated this event. [26]
The cult of Athena Polias (the city's eponymous goddess) was central to Athenian society, reinforcing morality and maintaining societal structure. [8] Women played a key role in the cult; the priestesshood of Athena was a position of great importance, [ 20 ] and the priestess could use her influence to support political positions.
Athena, central figure of the pediment of the temple, Acropolis Museum, Akr. 631. The Old Temple of Athena or the Archaios Neos [1] (Greek: Ἀρχαῖος Νεώς) was an archaic Greek limestone Doric temple on the Acropolis of Athens probably built in the second half of the sixth-century BCE, and which housed the xoanon of Athena Polias. [2]
A statue of this aspect of Athena was constructed in the Hephaisteion next to the cult statue of Hephaestus in 343 B.C. [2] ‘Athena Ergane’ was a specific title given to Athena as the patron of crafts, particularly weaving. Under this moniker, she was the goddess of all handicrafts, or functional artwork.
An Arrephoros (Ancient Greek: Ἀρρήφορος) was a girl acolyte in the cult of Athena Polias on the Athenian Acropolis.They were seven to eleven years old. According to Pausanias, [1] two Arrephoroi lived for a year on the Acropolis and concluded their term with a mystery rite called the Arrhephoria: they carried unknown objects into a cavern, and there exchanged them for other unknown ...