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In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of excess protein intake, deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy. The amino group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia.
This occurs at the cost of four "high-energy" phosphate bonds (3 ATP hydrolyzed to 2 ADP and one AMP). The conversion from ammonia to urea happens in five main steps. The first is needed for ammonia to enter the cycle and the following four are all a part of the cycle itself. To enter the cycle, ammonia is converted to carbamoyl phosphate.
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of normal body cells, or the sarcoplasm of muscle cells. The Krebs cycle – This is the second stage, and the products of this stage of the aerobic system are a net production of one ATP, one carbon dioxide molecule, three reduced NAD + molecules, and one reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD
The excretion of urea is called ureotelism. Land animals, mainly amphibians and mammals, convert ammonia into urea, a process which occurs in the liver and kidney. These animals are called ureotelic. [3] Urea is a less toxic compound than ammonia; two nitrogen atoms are eliminated through it and less water is needed for its excretion.
Ammonia electrolysis may require much less thermodynamic energy than water electrolysis (only 0.06 V in alkaline media). [23] Another option for recovering ammonia from wastewater is to use the mechanics of the ammonia-water thermal absorption cycle. [24] [25] Ammonia can thus be recovered either as a liquid or as ammonium hydroxide. The ...
Ammonia is toxic, disrupts cell function, and permeates cell membranes. Ammonia becomes ammonium (NH + 4) depending on the pH of the cell or plasma. Ammonium is relatively non-toxic and does not readily permeate cell membranes. [14] NH 3 + H + ⇌ NH + 4. Ammonia (NH 3) diffuses into the blood, circulating to the liver to be neutralized by the ...
In acidic soil conditions, ammonia will be converted to ammonium ions, which can be used by plants or microbes. Under alkaline conditions, some of the ammonium ions entering soil may be converted back to ammonia. Any remaining ammonium in the environment can undergo nitrification and denitrification to yield nitrate and nitrite. In the absence ...
Ammonia occurs in the atmospheres of the outer giant planets such as Jupiter (0.026% ammonia), Saturn (0.012% ammonia), and in the atmospheres and ices of Uranus and Neptune. Ammonia has been detected in the atmospheres of the giant planets Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus and Neptune , along with other gases such as methane , hydrogen , and helium .