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  2. Most vexing parse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_vexing_parse

    The most vexing parse is a counterintuitive form of syntactic ambiguity resolution in the C++ programming language. In certain situations, the C++ grammar cannot distinguish between the creation of an object parameter and specification of a function's type.

  3. Duck typing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_typing

    If a third-party library implements a class that cannot be modified, a client cannot use an instance of it with an interface unknown to that library even if the class satisfies the interface requirements. A common solution to this problem is the adapter pattern. In contrast, with duck typing, the object would be accepted directly without the ...

  4. Singleton pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern

    A singleton implementation may use lazy initialization in which the instance is created when the static method is first invoked. In multithreaded programs, this can cause race conditions that result in the creation of multiple instances. The following Java 5+ example [6] is a thread-safe implementation, using lazy initialization with double ...

  5. C++11 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++11

    The new utility introduces a new way to test assertions at compile-time, using the new keyword static_assert. The declaration assumes this form: static_assert (constant-expression, error-message); Here are some examples of how static_assert can be used:

  6. static (keyword) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_(keyword)

    static is a reserved word in many programming languages to modify a declaration. The effect of the keyword varies depending on the details of the specific programming language, most commonly used to modify the lifetime (as a static variable) and visibility (depending on linkage), or to specify a class member instead of an instance member in classes.

  7. Interface (Java) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_(Java)

    An interface in the Java programming language is an abstract type that is used to declare a behavior that classes must implement. They are similar to protocols.Interfaces are declared using the interface keyword, and may only contain method signature and constant declarations (variable declarations that are declared to be both static and final).

  8. Type signature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_signature

    Notice that the type of the result can be regarded as everything past the first supplied argument. This is a consequence of currying, which is made possible by Haskell's support for first-class functions; this function requires two inputs where one argument is supplied and the function is "curried" to produce a function for the argument not supplied.

  9. Name binding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_binding

    Static binding (or early binding) is name binding performed before the program is run. [2] Dynamic binding (or late binding or virtual binding) is name binding performed as the program is running. [2] An example of a static binding is a direct C function call: the function referenced by the identifier cannot change at runtime.